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051200 visitors
since 4/20/2004

Last updated 10/01/09

VBI Website

Mutant Detail


Mutant Detail:
Mutant SymbolTRV25 
Allele Symboldmi3-1 
Gene and Mutation LocationDMI3 (A 14-bp deletion (TGAAGAGTTTACTG) in the gene caused translational termination after approximately two-third of the kinase domain, presumably resulting in a nonfunctional or a calcium/CaM-independent kinase) 
Symbiotic Phenotype BriefCalcium flux+, Calcium spiking+, Has+, Hab-(touch response), Enod gene expression-, Ccd-, Hac-(touch response), Hac+(no touch response), Inf-, Nod-, Myc- 
Phenotype DetailNod-; defective in calcium spiking; With induced touch response, the mutant showed root hair tip swelling (Has) but blocked for branching (Hab-), lack cortical cell division (Ccd-), no root curling (Hac-) and no infection threads (Inf-) in response to live bacteria; blocked in the induction of ENOD11 and ENOD40; impaired for ENOD12 expression; dramatically reduced induction of RIP1; Myc- phenotype; Recessive. A more recent paper by Esseling et al., 2004 showed that when care is taken not to induce touch response, root hairs reorientate upon NF spot application. In Morandi et al. 2004 paper, TRV25 belongs to the mycorrhizal phenotype 2, presenting only lens-shaped appressoria with no further development of AM colonisation, regardless of the time after inoculation or the mycorrhizal fungus involved. 
Single gene targeted?yes 
Extra InformationThe mutant showed no measurable transcriptional changes in response to S. meliloti inoculation. A recent paper by Esseling et al., 2004 showed that DMI3 is not required for NF induced morphological responses. With its solid Nod?Myc? phenotype, TRV25 is presently a unique mutant at a locus that Morandi et al. 2004 call Mtsym13 (previously named B (Sagan et al. 1998) or Dmi3 (Catoira et al. 2000). 
Mutagenesis Methodgamma rays 
Mutant ClassNod- 
Allelismnot allelic to dmi1, dmi2 or nsp1, determined by complementation test 
The earliest development stage known to be affectedRoot hair deformation and branching 
Wildtype LineJemalong J5 
External Linkhttp://www.genome.clemson.edu/affiliated_cugi/medicago/genelist.html 

References:
Authors Year Title Locator
Ane JM, Levy J, Thoquet P, Kulikova O, de Billy F, Penmetsa V, Kim DJ, Debelle F, Rosenberg C, Cook DR, Bisseling T, Huguet T and Denarie J 2002 Genetic and cytogenetic mapping of DMI1, DMI2, and DMI3 genes of Medicago truncatula involved in Nod factor transduction, nodulation, and mycorrhization Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 15(11):1108-18 
Catoira R, Galera C, de Billy F, Penmetsa RV, Journet EP, Maillet F, Rosenberg C, Cook D, Gough C and Denarie J 2000 Four genes of Medicago truncatula controlling components of a nod factor transduction pathway Plant Cell. 12(9):1647-66 
Esseling JJ, Lhuissier FG and Emons AM 2004 A nonsymbiotic root hair tip growth phenotype in NORK-mutated legumes: implications for nodulation factor-induced signaling and formation of a multifaceted root hair pocket for bacteria Plant Cell. 16(4):933-44 
Levy J, Bres C, Geurts R, Chalhoub B, Kulikova O, Duc G, Journet EP, Ane JM, Lauber E, Bisseling T, Denarie J, Rosenberg C and Debelle F 2004 A putative Ca2+ and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase required for bacterial and fungal symbioses Science. 303(5662):1361-4 
Mitra RM, Gleason CA, Edwards A, Hadfield J, Downie JA, Oldroyd GE and Long SR 2004 A Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase required for symbiotic nodule development: Gene identification by transcript-based cloning Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 101(13):4701-5 
Mitra RM, Shaw SL and Long SR 2004 Six nonnodulating plant mutants defective for Nod factor-induced transcriptional changes associated with the legume-rhizobia symbiosis Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 101(27):10217-22 
Morandi D, Prado E, Sagan M, and Duc G 2004 Characterisation of new symbiotic Medicago truncatula (Gaertn.) mutants, and phenotypic or genotypic complementary information on previously described mutants. Mycorrhiza 
Sagan M, de Larembergue H and Morandi D 1998 Genetic analysis of symbiosis mutants in Medicago truncatula Elmerich C, Kondorosi A, Newton WE (eds) Biological nitrogen fixation for the 21st century. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 317?318 
Shaw SL and Long SR 2003 Nod factor elicits two separable calcium responses in Medicago truncatula root hair cells Plant Physiol. 131(3):976-84 
Wais RJ, Galera C, Oldroyd G, Catoira R, Penmetsa RV, Cook D, Gough C, Denarie J and Long SR 2000 Genetic analysis of calcium spiking responses in nodulation mutants of Medicago truncatula Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 97(24):13407-12 

Curation Information:
Data entered byChunhong Mao (05/06/2004)
Updated/Verified byChunhong Mao (09/02/2004), Jing Qiu (12/02/2004), Chunxia Wang (12/03/2004)
Final verification statusverified by Chunxia Wang (12/03/2004)